Research Article |
Corresponding author: Balázs Tóth ( balazs0toth@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Alberto Zilli
© 2014 Balázs Tóth, Laslo Ronkay.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Tóth B, Ronkay L (2014) Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 3. Description of three new species from Asia. Nota Lepidopterologica 37(1): 9-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.37.7957
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We revise the Naarda egrettoides species-group and describe and illustrate three new Naarda species: N. ardeola sp. n. (Thailand), N. egrettoides sp. n. (Thailand) and N. pocstamasi sp. n. (Vietnam).
The authors began revising the genus Naarda in 2000 with the study of the Noctuidae s.l. fauna of Taiwan. In the process, it was discovered that more species occur in Taiwan than was formerly indicated in the literature (
These results were first presented by BT (2010) at the IXth European Congress of Entomology (Lepidoptera taxonomy and biogeography section), announcing the publication of the undescribed species in the near future before the revision of the whole genus, including its African, Eurasiatic and Australian species, could be accomplished.
The first two parts of the relevant series of articles deal with the taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 and contain an overview of this large and diverse group, including the general morphological characterisation of the main lineages and the descriptions of altogether 39 new species from eastern and south-eastern Asia (
The present paper contains the survey of a compact and in the male genitalia highly apomorphic species-group, the Naarda egrettoides lineage, including the description of three new species from the south-eastern border zone of the Palaearctic region.
All but one specimen of the material examined belonging to the Naarda egrettoides lineage are deposited at the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (HNHM); a specimen of a currently unnamed species from eastern China is held by the Alexander Koenig Museum, Bonn (ZFMK).
Genitalia dissections were made using the standard method of preparation resulting in permanent microscopic slides. Genital structures were macerated in 10% KOH solution and lactic acid, stained with alcoholic solution of Eosine and mounted in Euparal. Eosine was preferred in contrast to Chlorazol Black because of the dominance of chitinous structures in the genitalia. The genital terminology follows the detailed explanation given in the first part of the series of papers (
BMNH – The Natural History Museum, London
HNHM – Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest
MNHN – Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris
RL – genitalia slide of László Ronkay
TB – genitalia slide of Balázs Tóth
ZFMK – Alexander Koenig Museum, Bonn – Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig
The species-group is very compact and comprises three closely related species, which are easily separable from members of all other lineages of the genus by the features of the males (see below); the females are also characteristic but display no key features except for the colouration and the fine and less prominent dark markings.
External morphology. The diagnostic features are the long bipectinate male antenna, the very long, porrect labial palpi of both sexes, the rather large size, the long and relatively broad forewings with straight costa, and the weak, fine darker markings on a pale greyish or brownish ground colour. The rami of the antenna are at the maximum of its width 9–10 times longer than the axis of the antenna; the apical segments lack the rami. The palpi are ca. 5 times as long as the diameter of the eye, with the third segment comparatively longer, and more elongated than in most other members of the genus. The wingspan is 19–22 mm.
Male genitalia. The most prominent autapomorphy of the group is the structure of the uncus (see
Male and female genitalia of the species of the Naarda egrettoides species-group. 1. Naarda ardeola sp. n. (RL7898m); 2. Naarda ardeola sp. n. (TB398f); 3. Naarda pocstamasi sp. n. (RL10762m); 4. Naarda sp. (TB443f); 5. Naarda egrettoides sp. n. (RL7899m); 6. Naarda egrettoides sp. n. (TB390f).
ardeola sp. n. (Northern Thailand)
pocstamasi sp. n. (Northern Vietnam)
egrettoides sp. n. (Northern Thailand)
♂, ‘Thailand: Prov. Chiang Mai | between Chiang Dao and Kariang, 900 m | 99°48’E, 19°25’N, 26.x.2002 | leg. B. Herczig & G. Ronkay’ slide No. RL7898m (coll. HNHM).
Thailand: 2♀, data as holotype, slide No. TB398f; 1♀, ‘Prov. Chiang Mai | 1600m, between Fang and Nor Lae | 99°09’E, 20°02’N, 28.x.2002 | leg. B. Herczig & G. Ronkay’ (coll. HNHM); 1♀, ‘50 km NW Mae Hong-Son | by Shan, 800 m, 14.vii.2003 | leg. M. Fibiger’ slide No. TB424f (coll. HNHM).
Wingspan 20–21 mm, length of forewing 10–11 mm. Antennae bipectinate in male but apical segments lack rami, filiform and ciliate in female; longest male rami at mid third, 9 times longer than diameter of flagellum, rami with cilia as long as diameter of flagellum; in female each segment with two cilia as long as diameter of flagellum. Labial palps similar in both sexes; their length 5 times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment relatively long and narrow, its tip pointed, light; 2nd segment broad, dorsal scales long, their length descending towards tip. Scale-hood of vertex broad, tapering, in male relatively long, apically slightly bifurcate, in female long, its tip rounded. Base of male forewing with scent-organ built up of long, hairy scales. Characteristic wing pattern features: forewing costa minutely concave in male; pattern similar in both sexes: ground colour light brown, subterminal line slightly paler, slightly sinuous, with some blackish dots at inner side; postmedial line slightly darker than ground colour, indistinct; reniform stigma big, oval, deep ochreous, hardly visible, with small blackish dot at bottom section; orbicular stigma also deep ochreous, indistinct. Hindwing slightly paler than forewing, with slightly more conspicuous fasciae.
Male genitalia (
Female genitalia (
The external appearance of N. ardeola is nearly unique: it can only be confused with N. pocstamasi sp. n., although the ground colour of N. ardeola is somewhat more yellowish, and the transverse lines are less conspicuous than in the latter taxon. The male genitalia of N. ardeola differ from those of N. pocstamasi by the more angular basal bulge and the slightly broader elongate section of the uncus, the longer and considerably narrower valva, and the more simple structure of the vesica of phallus, with shorter and narrower cornutus. The very elongate valvae in the male genitalia are somewhat similar to those of N. serra Holloway, 2008, but the other characters are very different: the basal part of uncus is much broader, with a bulb which is absent in N. serra, the scaphium is much shorter, and the base of transtilla is much broader. The penicular processes, being typical of N. serra, are absent in N. ardeola. The apical half of the valva is made of different structures: in N. ardeola it is the complete fusion of costa, cucullus and harpe, while in N. serra this part is the free cucullus.
The heron-shaped male genitalia inspired the specific name.
The species is known from the mountains of northern Thailand.
♂, ‘Vietnam, Prov. Lao Cai | Sa-pa, 1650 m | 23.ix.1963 | T. Pócs’ ‘lieu herb. second. | à la lumière’ slide No. RL10762m (coll. HNHM).
Wingspan 22 mm, length of forewing 11 mm. Antennae bipectinate (apical segments also), longest male rami at mid third, maximum 10 times longer than diameter of flagellum, rami with cilia ca 1.5 as long as diameter of flagellum. Labial palps slightly longer than 5 times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment quite long and narrow, its distal half lighter; 2nd segment relatively narrow, slightly tapering. Scale-hood of vertex broad and long, triangular and apically pointed. Fore- and midtibiae densely hairy. Characteristic wing pattern features: forewing costa not concave; ground colour light brownish grey (the specimen is somewhat worn), terminal line prominent, fragmented to blackish dots, subterminal, postmedial and antemedial lines present but indistinct, slightly sinuous; reniform stigma inconspicuous, medium-sized, broad, somewhat 8-shaped, with traces of dark edge, brownish ochreous with blackish dot at bottom third and traces of a brownish line in the axis; orbicular stigma rounded with indistinct blackish edge, its colouration like that of reniform, with some dark scales in its centre. Colouration and pattern of hindwing like that of forewing.
Male genitalia (
The external appearance of N. pocstamasi is similar to that of N. egrettoides sp. n., but the ground colour is lighter, and the transverse lines are more prominent in N. pocstamasi, making it easily recognisable. The male genitalia of this new species are very similar to those of N. egrettoides, but the basal bulb of uncus is more elongate, the valva is somewhat narrower and more elongate, the costa is more sinuous, the phallus is shorter and thicker, and the cornutus is larger. In comparison with those of N. kinabaluensis Holloway, 2008, the uncus is much narrower and shorter, the scaphium is much shorter, the valva is somewhat narrower and its tip is pointed instead of being truncate.
This new species is dedicated to its collector, a famous Hungarian botanist, Tamás Pócs.
Northern Vietnam.
This species appears to be the closest hitherto known relative of N. egrettoides sp. n. according to the male genitalia.
♀, ‘China: Shanghai | Prov. Kiangsu | leg. Höne’ slide No. TB443f (coll. ZFMK).
Wingspan 21 mm, length of forewing 10 mm. Antennae lost except for a few basal segments, those being ciliate, without rami or crests, length of cilia half times diameter of flagellum. Labial palps longest in the genus: length slightly less than 6 times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment relatively long, narrow, its apical third light; 2nd segment broad, dorsal scales very short (or maybe worn). Scale-hood of vertex broad-based, relatively short, its tip pointed. Characteristic wing pattern features: costa minutely concave; the only one known specimen is worn and possibly faded, ground colour greyish brown; transverse lines indistinct; bottom half of postmedial line hardly visible, dark, narrow, probably strongly angled inwards below cell; reniform stigma hardly visible, quite small, oval, dark ochreous, with a big blackish dot at the bottom third; orbicular stigma also hardly visible, small, dark ochreous. Ground-colour of hindwing like that of forewing, with two fasciae.
Female genitalia (
The wing shape of N. sp. nr. egrettoides is similar to that of N. egrettoides and N. ardeola, but the reniform stigma seems to be narrower, and the orbicular is smaller than in the latter taxa. The female genitalia are somewhat similar to those of N. barlowi Holloway, 2008, especially in the configuration of the appendix bursae, which is broad and situated close to the posterior tip of corpus bursae. This species lacks the sinus and the colliculum of ductus bursae and the corpus bursae is only sparsely scobinate, in contrast to N. barlowi.
South-eastern China (Prov. Jiangsu), at the transitional zone of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.
The long labial palps and the main structure of the female genitalia are similar to those of N. egrettoides and N. ardeola, but more material, and especially the knowledge of the male genitalia, are essential to decide on the more exact taxonomic assignment of this individual. To make the situation even more difficult, the type locality has apparently been destroyed by development in the last seventy years.
♂, ‘Thailand: Prov. Chiang Mai | 4 km S Kop Dong, 1800 m | 99°03’E, 19°52’N, 6.xi.2002 | leg. B. Herczig & G. Ronkay’ slide No. RL7897m (coll. HNHM).
Thailand: 1♂, 3♀, ‘Prov. Nan | Doi Phu Kha NP | between Pua and Bo Luang, 1350 m | 101°05’E, 19°12’N, 3.xi.2002 | leg. B. Herczig & G. Ronkay’ slide No. RL7899m (coll. HNHM); 2♂, 2♀, ‘Prov. Chiang Mai | 1600m, between Fang and Nor Lae | 99°09’E, 20°02’N, 28.x.2002 | leg. B. Herczig & G. Ronkay’ slide No. TB390f (coll. HNHM).
Wingspan 19–22 mm, length of forewing 10–11 mm. Antennae bipectinate in male but apical segments lacking rami, filiform and ciliate in female; longest male rami at mid third, 9 times longer than diameter of flagellum, rami with cilia as long as diameter of flagellum; in female each segment with four cilia on each side shorter than diameter of flagellum. Labial palps similar in both sexes; length 5 times diameter of eyes; 3rd segment quite long and narrow, its tip pointed, light; 2nd segment broad, dorsal scales long, in male length of scales descending towards tip, in female scale length uniform. Scale-hood of vertex broad-based and long in both sexes, in male its tip finely bifurcate, in female rounded. Characteristic wing pattern features: forewing costa not concave in male; sexes similar; ground colour greyish brown, subterminal and postmedial lines parallel, sinuous, inner part of them dark grey, outer part mouse-grey; medial and antemedial lines also present but indistinct; reniform stigma large, thick, oval, deep ochreous (honey-coloured) with blackish dot at bottom third; orbicular stigma longitudinally elongate, also honey-coloured, with indistinct blackish edge. Hindwing slightly paler than forewing, postmedial line more visible than subterminal line.
Male genitalia (
Female genitalia (
Based on their morphology, it appears that the sister-species of N. egrettoides is N. pocstamasi; their detailed comparison is given under the diagnosis of the latter. N. egrettoides differs externally from the other close relative, N. ardeola, by the darker, more greyish colouration. In the male genitalia, N. egrettoides and N. pocstamasi have, in comparison with N. ardeola, much broader valvae, more rounded basal bulge of uncus and much larger cornutus in the vesica. The male genitalia of N. egrettoides are somewhat similar to those of N. ineffectalis (Walker, 1858), but in the new species the tip of uncus is not concave while the base of uncus is much broader, the juxta is smaller, the valva is more elongate, the sacculus is broader, the cornutus of phallus is straighter and the vesica is larger and more globular than in N. ineffectalis.
Egrettoides = egret-like; the shape of male genitalia is similar to a flying egret.
The mountains of northern Thailand.
The longitudinally elongate shape of the orbicular stigma is a rare feature in the genus.
We are grateful to Dieter Stüning (ZFMK), Martin Honey (BMNH) and Joël Minet and Jerome Barbut (MNHN) for access to the material of their institutes and the loan of several Naarda specimens, which were essential to our work. The authors express their thanks to Béla Herczig, Gábor Ronkay, and the late Michael Fibiger for lending Naarda specimens for examination. The first author would like to express his thanks to the leaders of the Hungarian Natural History Museum for obtaining research authorisation for the examination of the Naarda material hosted at HNHM. He is indebted also to the staff members of the Lepidoptera Collection for their generous help during his research. The visits of László Ronkay to the BMNH and the MNHN were supported by the SyntheSys Project (Grant Nos GB-TAF-2656 and FR-TAF-562).