Research Article |
Corresponding author: Jari Junnilainen ( junnilainen.jari@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Lauri Kaila
© 2016 Jari Junnilainen.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Junnilainen J (2016) A new species of the genus Spiniphallellus Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Anomologini). Nota Lepidopterologica 39(1): 79-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.39.8382
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Spiniphallellus chrysotosella sp. n. (Gelechiidae: Anomologini) is described. The species is recorded from Bulgaria, Georgia, and Turkey. All three localities of S. chrysotosella are rather similar dry rocky slopes where Jasminum fruticans L., 1753 (Oleaceae) is a dominant shrub. It is also expected to be the host plant of the new species.
The genus Spiniphallellus was described and its members diagnosed by
At the end of April, 2013, two additional specimens were found on Jasminum fruticans vegetation on the Rupite volcanic hill area near the town of Petrich in SW Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad district. The weather was unusually hot, over 30 degrees Celsius still at dusk. The specimens were attracted by artificial light during the first dark hours.
Zdenko Tokár proposed that the specimens should belong to the genus Spiniphallellus and the study of the known species of the genus justified the description of the new species, here named as Spiniphallellus chrysotosella sp. n.
Holotype: ♂, Bulgaria SW, Struma River valley, Rupite, 41.462°N; 23.256°E, 30.iv.2013. J. Junnilainen leg & coll.: GPJJ201578 and red label “HOLOTYPE of Spiniphallellus chrysotosella Junnilainen“. – Paratypes: 1 ♂, same locality and data as holotype with green label DNA sample 24244 Lepid Phyl.; 3 ♂, Georgia Gremi 42.002°N; 45.657°E, 23–25.v.2011 J. Junnilainen leg., Coll. J. Junnilainen. 1 ♂, Turkey, Anatolia, Manavgat, 36.788°N; 31.416°E, 01.v.1996 K. Nupponen & J. Junnilainen leg., Coll. J. Junnilainen. Gen Prep No.7126 Bo Wikström. All paratypes with red label “PARATYPE of Spiniphallellus chrysotosella Junnilainen“.
Adult (Fig.
Forewing brown with golden shine, with five shiny golden spots: three on the costa, one at 1/5 length of wing from base extending to fold, second at middle of costa, and third 2/3 from base; two spots in fold: one at 1/3 wing length from base and second at 3/5 from base. Hindwing fuscous. Abdomen and legs brown somewhat shiny golden.
Male genitalia (Figs
Externally the new species is characterized by its forewing with gold shiny markings, which are absent in other close relatives. The species differs from S. fuscescens Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008 by its longer and slenderer valva, longer transtilla lobe and by the form of its vinculum; from S. stonisi it differs by its broader uncus, slenderer valva and by distinctive transtilla lobes, lacking in S. stonisi; and from S. desertus it differs by its slenderer valva, narrower shape of the transtilla, and more rounded saccus.
Female genitalia. Unknown.
Bulgaria, Georgia, and Turkey.
Early stages are still unknown although Jasminum fruticans seems to be the most probable host plant. The imago is mostly day active. Flight period begins at the end of April or beginning of May. S. chrysotosella has probably been overlooked due to its small size and because it is apparently diurnal and might not be usually attracted to lights.
The species name is derived from its golden shiny forewing markings, which are absent from other related taxa.
Spiniphallellus was originally named based on the characteristic thorn or spine laterally in the medial part of the phallus. This process, however, is actually a strongly sclerotized part of the anellus, tightly fused to the phallus. The phallus is very difficult to remove during dissection without breaking the juxta-anellus complex.
The DNA barcode (sample ID MM24244) shows a very clear difference to all other moths in BOLD (www.barcodinglife.org). The nearest species is Diasemia grammalis Doubleday, 1848, which is an exotic Crambiinae moth differing by 8.16%. This barcode difference is so large that its placement is not considered meaningful. No other species of Spiniphallellus has been barcoded so far.
I want to thank Lauri Kaila and Bo Wikström (Finland) for their valuable comments and grammatical corrections of the manuscript. Marko Mutanen (Finland) gave invaluable help with arranging the barcoding of the specimens. Zdenko Tokár (Slovakia) and Ole Karsholt (Denmark) provided important taxonomical information. Boyan Zlatkov (Bulgaria) helped with fieldwork and upgraded my knowledge of Bulgarian plants. Kimmo Silvonen and Bo Wikström (Finland) helped with the processing of the photographs. I also thank Kari Nupponen (Finland), Urmas Jürivete (Estonia), and Timo Ranki (Luxembourg) for their delightful company during fieldwork.