15urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:E0185C18-FE79-5ADE-9877-ED333312DD4Furn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EF082B8D-8FD0-41B8-BC24-3D1190FEC17FNota LepidopterologicaNL0342-75362367-5365Pensoft Publishers10.3897/nl.45.7392573925Research ArticlePyralidaeSystematicsEuropeRedescription of Apomyeloiscognata (Staudinger, 1871) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) with first record from the South UralsTrofimovaTatyana A.apamea@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-32661ŠumpichJanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-29412BudashkinYuriy I.3Samara National Research University, Moskovskoye shosse, 34, Samara, 443086, Russia. E-mail: apamea@mail.ruSamara National Research UniversitySamaraRussiaNational Museum, Natural History Museum, Department of Entomology, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha 9 - Horní Počernice, Czech Republic. E-mail: jansumpich@seznam.czNational Museum, Natural History MuseumPragueCzech RepublicT.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences – Branch of the Federal Research Center “A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS”, Nauka str., 24, Kurortnoe, Feodosia, Republic of Crimea 298188 Russia. E-mail: budashkin@ukr.netT.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of SciencesFeodosiaRussia
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202206012022451740B71297-F562-5BCC-88F0-B142AAD95679F7239BB3-E33F-4549-9CD4-E6EEA836663058478880309202113102021Tatyana A. Trofimova, Jan Šumpich, Yuriy I. BudashkinThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/F7239BB3-E33F-4549-9CD4-E6EEA8366630
Until recently, Apomyeloiscognata (Staudinger, 1871) was known only from the type series collected 150 years ago in the Lower Volga region, as well as old records from Iran and Cyprus (the latter unconfirmed). In 2011 and 2020, more specimens of this little-known species were collected in the South Urals (Russia), presenting a new record for the area. The species identity was confirmed via examination of syntypes preserved in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. A lectotype designation for the species is made and a detailed redescription with illustrations of male and female genitalia is given.
Introduction
Apomyelois Heinrich, 1956 was originally established as a monotypic genus based on the designation of Dioryctriabistriatella Hulst, 1887 as the type species. Today, it encompasses 11 species from the Holarctic and Palaeotropical regions (Nuss et al. 2003–2021). However, the current list of species assigned to the genus should be further revised. Only two related species, A.bistriatella and A.cognata (Staudinger, 1871), are present in Europe and the European part of Russia. The former has a widespread distribution in the temperate zone of the Holarctic, including North America and Eurasia. The second similar but little-known species, A.cognata, was originally described as part of the genus Myelois Hübner, 1825, based on four males and a single female found by A. Bekker and H. Christoph near Sarepta (now the Krasnoarmeysk district of the city of Volgograd). Later, records of M.cognata from the same locality were included in a monograph by Ragonot (1893), as well as the “Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen...” by Rebel (1901). Spuler (1910) noted M.cognata for the vicinity of Vienna, and Hayward (1938) reported from Cyprus: “Myeloiscognata, Staudinger. – A single specimen from Platres in September... “. Soon after, Rebel (1939) questioned the occurrence of M.cognata in Cyprus. Later on, the records from Cyprus were also cited by Arenberger (1994). Recent reports from Russia (Anikin et al. 2017, Sinev et al. 2019) were confirmed using the aforementioned type series collected near Sarepta. Based on the genital structure of the M.cognata syntypes, Roesler (1988) clarified the taxonomic position and established a new generic combination as Apomyeloiscognata (Staudinger, 1871), further suggesting that Apomyeloisschaeuffelella Amsel, 1959, described from Iran, be considered as a junior synonym of A.cognata. Despite the above reports, no additional material other than the syntypes has been obtained to date. Furthermore, only two males and a single female from the type series are preserved in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin (MfN), and the locality of the other two males listed in the original description by Staudinger (1871) is unknown. Unfortunately, it was not possible to locate the holotype of A.schaeuffelella from Iran in the collections of Das Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (SMNK).
During a lepidopterological survey of the southernmost part of the South Urals (Russia, Orenburg) in July 2011 and 2020, 17 specimens of Phycitinae were collected using light traps and identified as A.cognata by comparison with the type series preserved in the MfN. This constitutes the second record of this species from Russia in 150 years, with the South Urals being its easternmost locality. A.cognata is redescribed below on the basis of new material, and male and female genitalia of this species are described and illustrated for the first time.
Materials and methods
This study is based on type material from MfN, as well as 17 specimens of A.cognata and six specimens of A.bistriatella collected at night using artificial light sources. Chloroform was used as a killing agent. Genitalia were examined by soaking abdomens in boiled 20% KOH for four minutes, and finally mounting both genitalia and abdomens in glycerol. The pinned specimens were photographed with a Canon 750D camera with a Canon MP-E-65 mm lens. Genitalia preparations were photographed with a Canon EOS 1100D camera mounted on an Olympus BX41 stereomicroscope. Methods for identification of genitalia structure and external characteristics largely follow Falkovitsh and Stekolnikov (1978), with minor corrections by Kristensen (2003).
Collection information and abbreviations:
MfNMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz- Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany;
NMPCNational Museum, Natural History Museum, Prague, Czech Republic;
SMNKDas Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Germany;
SSU Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia;
ZINZoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.
AnimaliaLepidopteraPyralidae47FFD066-AD11-5D6C-AB4E-6FBF523FFA33Apomyeloiscognata(Staudinger, 1871)Figs 1–4, 6–10MyeloiscognataStaudinger, 1871: 273–274.ApomyeloisschaeuffelellaAmsel, 1959: 21, pl. 1 fig. 14, pl. 4 fig. 4. synonymised by Roesler 1988: 179.Material examined.
Type material. Lectotype, ♂, here designated, labelled: “Origin.”; “Sarepta”; “Myeloiscognata Stgr”; “U. Roesler ♂ GU 3310”; “LectoHolotypus Myeloiscognata Stgr. U. Roesler”; “Lectotypus Myeloiscognata Staudinger, 1871, des. T.A. Trofimova, J. Šumpich, Yu.I. Budashkin, 2021” (MfN). Paralectotypes, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, here designated, labelled: “Origin”; “Sarepta”; “Myeloiscognata Stgr.”; “U. Roesler ♀ GU 3309”; “Allolectotypus Myeloiscognata Stgr. U. Roesler”; “Paralectotypus Myeloiscognata Staudinger, 1871, des. T.A. Trofimova, J. Šumpich, Yu.I. Budashkin, 2021” (MfN) and “Origin”; “Sarepta”, “Myeloiscognata Stgr.”; “Paralectotypus Myeloiscognata Staudinger, 1871, des. T.A. Trofimova, J. Šumpich, Yu.I. Budashkin, 2021” (MfN).
Other material.
Russia: 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, S Ural, Donskoe env., 260 m, Verbljushka hill., 51°23'11"N, 59°48'40"E, 22.–24.vii.2011, gen. prep. J. Šumpich 21077 (♂) and 211078 (♀), J. Šumpich leg. (NMPC); 5 ♀♀, Orenburg Region, Akbulak district, Vasilievka vill., psammophytic steppe, 50°54'N, 55°46'E, 7.vii.2020, D. Shovkoon leg. (SSU); 1 ♂ Russia, Orenburg Region, Belyaevka district, 3.5 km E of Novoorlovka vill., riv. Ural, 51°23'14.09"N, 56°36'47.88"E, 29.–30.vii.2020, S. A. Knyazev leg. (ZIN).
Voucher specimens and habitat of Apomyeloiscognata (Staudinger, 1871). 1. Lectotype, male, Volgograd [Sarepta]; 2. Venation of wings; 3, 4. Voucher specimens from South Ural, Russia, J. Šumpich leg.: 3. Male; 4. Female; 5. Habitat in the floodplain forests bordering the Ural River.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630632Diagnosis.
Apomyeloiscognata and A.bistriatella occur sympatrically in habitats across the South Urals, with А.cognata differing in predominantly larger adult size and broader, more contrasting forewings. The male genitalia of А.cognata resemble those of A.bistriatella, but differ in having a narrower gnathos and more pronounced bilobed median process of the transtilla; the vinculum in А.cognata is slightly shorter and rounder than the more elongate vinculum of A.bistriatella. The female genitalia are very similar to those of A.bistriatella, but apophyses and corpus bursae are about 1.7 times as long as those of A.bistriatella. The male and female genitalia of A.bistriatella were illustrated in Heinrich (1956: p. 43, figs 197, 676).
Redescription.
External appearance. (Figs 1–4) Forewing length ♂: 10–11 mm, ♀: 11 mm. Head round, smooth, frons rounded, vertex covered with grey scales; labial palpus smooth, often upturned or protruding anteriorly: segment 1 white, with slender strip of grey scales in upper third; segment 2 long, upcurved, covered in greyish-brown scales with admixture of white scales on outer surface and white scales on inside surface; segment 3 short, straight, with same colour as segment 2; maxillary palps short, thin and white; proboscis well developed, white, covered with greyish scales at base; occiput with broad, greyish scales; scapus simple, covered with brown scales; flagellum filiform, brown, male flagellomeres shortly ciliate. Patagia grey, tegulae and thorax dark grey. Forewing ground colour grey; dark grey mixed with white in basal, costal, and external areas; costal and basal areas with scattered whitish scales on grey ground; dorsal half of basal area with densely scattered grey scales; ante-medial line whitish, oblique and angulated in cubital area, edged with dark grey and darkened from costa to Cu2 by a blackish diffused spot. Medial field grey with scattered whitish scales. Paired dots at base of M1 and M2 consist of groups of black scales or are united in a sickle-shaped streak. Whitish postmedial line distinctly angulated, serrated, bordered with dark grey scales. Marginal field pale grey, spotted with black distally; fringe grey with white-tipped scales. Hindwing light grey, marginal line dark grey, fringe pale grey. Forewing venation (Fig. 2): Sc about ½ wing length; R2 and R3 united at base; R4+5 from R3 at ⅓ length to costa before apex, M3 and M2 united at half length to termen; Cu1 and Cu2 separated; A1+2 united. Hindwing venation quadrifid: Sc+R1 and R5 stalked; R5 and M1 united at base; M2+M3 stalked at about ½ of length; Cu1 and Cu2 separated; PCu, A1+2 and A3 separated. Abdomen segments in male dark grey with whitish bands intersegmentally. Tergum VIII subrectangular, evenly sclerotized; sternum VIII as curved sclerotized band; culcita in the form of paired lateral tufts of large scales (Fig. 8).
Variation. Some specimens may be darker or more contrasting in appearance; paired dark dots on the medial field of the forewings may be united in a dark sickle-shaped streak. Labial palps may project slightly forward over the head.
Male genitalia: (Figs 6, 7) Uncus broadened subtriangular apically; gnathos thin, elongated, straight, gradually narrowed, extending to ¾ length of uncus. Transtilla arcuate, sclerotized, with paired rounded lobes in medial part. Lobe of valva simple, broad, with slightly curved costa, valva at base 1.5 times narrower than cucullus; juxta U-shaped, with slightly broadened lateral lobes with 5 short setae apically. Vinculum short, broadly rounded. Aedeagus nearly as long as 3/4 length of valva, cylindrical, moderately curved, oblique edged with a small apical protrusion on the dorsal edge. Vesica simple, elongate, rugose, and scattered with microspines in middle.
Female genitalia: (Figs 9–10) Tergum VII elongate, subtrapezoidal; sternum VII with more sclerotized, broad, cup-shaped patch extending from posterior margin to about middle of sternum. Ovipositor moderately long, with papillae anales subtriangulate. Аpophyses straight, posterior apophyses nearly as long as anterior apophyses. Tergum VIII 1.5 times shorter than apophyses, evenly sclerotized except for broad, weakly sclerotized medial incision dorsally; ostium opening near anterior margin of sternum VIII, membranous. Antrum funnel-shaped, membranous. Ductus bursae broad and membranous; corpus bursae egg-shaped, about 2 times longer than ductus bursae, with single small round thorned plate in middle of corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis narrow, membranous, arising from anterior part of corpus bursae.
Genitalia of Apomyeloiscognata (Staudinger, 1871), Russia, South Ural, Donskoe. 6–8. Male, genitalia preparation J. Šumpich 21077: 6. General view; 7. Aedeagus; 8. Culcita; 9, 10. Female, genitalia preparation J. Šumpich 21078: 9. General view; 10. Signum under high magnification.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630633Biology.
(Fig. 5) Host plant unknown. Adults were observed in the South Ural from early to late July at an elevation of 260 m and were collected on river terraces and psammophytic (sand-adapted) steppe habitats.
Distribution.
European Russia (Volgograd and Orenburg regions), Cyprus (?), Iran.
Remarks.
Examination of types and additional material of A.cognata shows clear morphological characters distinct from the closely related A.bistriatella, contrary to the information provided by Leraut (2014: 376) on the detailed similarity of A.bistriatella and A.cognata. Apomyeloiscognata was originally described on the basis of five specimens from Sarepta, of which two males and a single female are now preserved in the MfN. Genitalia of the male and female syntypes were examined and labelled by U. Roesler as lectotype and allolectotype, respectively, and numbers 3310 and 3309 were assigned to their genitalia slides. However, these designations have not been established in Roesler’s publications. For this reason, we have designated the above male syntype, genitalia slide number 3310, as lectotype; and the other two syntypes (female and male) as paralectotypes in order to stabilise nomenclature.
Acknowledgements
We express our thanks to Wolfram Mey (MfN, Berlin) and Robert Trusch (SMNK, Karlsruhe), for providing invaluable help during work with the pyralid collections under their curatorships. We are grateful to Dmitry F. Shovkoon (The University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic) for the collection of material and for providing specimens for study, and to K. Lexová (Praha, Czech Republic) for English language corrections. We are deeply grateful to Sergey Sinev (ZIN, St.-Petersburg) for checking the manuscript and providing us with a specimen from the collection of ZIN. We thank Richard Mally, Théo Léger and David Lees for reviewing and editing, and for useful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by State task No. 121032300023-7 (Yu.I. Budashkin). J. Šumpich carried out his part of the work on this article with support from the Ministry of Culture Czech Republic (DKRVO 2019–2023 / 5.I.c, National Museum, 00023272).
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