Stigmella betulicola, leafmines 40. 7 vacated mines, France, Le Mans, 7 Oct. 2017, Betula pubescens, 7 adults emerged Mar. 2018, EvN no. 2017150-K; 41–44. Occupied mines, The Netherlands, Goirle, 30 Sep. 2020, B. pendula, EvN no. 2020083-2; 41. Detail of larva; 42. Details of coiled mine start. Scale bars: 1 mm (to 41 and 42); 5 mm (43 and 44 on same scale).

 
 
  Part of: van Nieukerken EJ (2023) Stigmella naturnella (Klimesch, 1936) (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) a fast-spreading European leafminer of Betula, with a revised key to linear leafmines on Betula. Nota Lepidopterologica 46: 37-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.46.99360