Habitat of Stigmella naturnella 35 (top). The Netherlands, Goirle, Gorp en Roovert – Noord, 30 Sep. 2020, EventId: EvN no 2020083, many mines of S. naturnella on Betula pendula shrub; 36 (bottom). Germany (NRW), Hövelhof, NSG Moosheide, 19 Aug. 2021, in 2021 only one mine on B. pendula (photo Dieter Robrecht).

 
 
  Part of: van Nieukerken EJ (2023) Stigmella naturnella (Klimesch, 1936) (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) a fast-spreading European leafminer of Betula, with a revised key to linear leafmines on Betula. Nota Lepidopterologica 46: 37-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.46.99360