Short Communication |
Corresponding author: Mikhail V. Kozlov ( mikoz@utu.fi ) Academic editor: Jadranka Rota
© 2018 Mikhail V. Kozlov.
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Citation:
Kozlov MV (2018) Critical evaluation of faunistic data: Three species of monotrysian moths (Eriocraniidae, Prodoxidae and Incurvariidae) erroneously reported from Russia. Nota Lepidopterologica 41(1): 139-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.25420
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The published records of Eriocrania chrysolepidella Zeller, 1851, Incurvaria koerneriella (Zeller, 1839) and Lampronia aeneella (Heinemann, 1870) from Chuvash and Karelia Republics in Russia are based on misidentified specimens. This finding, along with earlier reports on the widespread occurrence of errors, even in the most authoritative works, calls for a critical approach to published data in order to stop spreading and citing false information across future publications.
All scientists know that the written word persists. We entomologists routinely use faunistic and natural history data that were published by our colleagues decades and centuries ago. The record of a species in a certain region, or on a certain host plant, causes a cascading effect on subsequent publications, in particular through the checklists and identification keys that summarize these data. Checking old faunistic and host plant records, and especially non-referenced ones, is often impossible, so we have no other option than to trust the authors of earlier publications. However, if the circumstances permit, the ‘suspicious’ records should indeed be scrutinized.
While updating the distribution records of several moth families for the forthcoming second edition of the Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia (henceforth, the Catalogue; first edition:
Albert A. Lastukhin (Cheboksary, Russia) kindly sent me the remnants of the moths that he had identified as E. chrysolepidella and I. koerneriella and had deposited in his private collection. The material consists of wings and genitalia preparations glued with transparent tape to a piece of paper (Figs
The investigated specimens from the private collection of A. A. Lastukhin. 1. Lampronia sp. (misidentified as Eriocrania chrysolepidella), the mode of preservation, scale: 10 mm; 2. Incurvaria oehlmanniella (misidentified as I. koerneriella), the mode of preservation (the text in blue pen: “[Genitalia] preparations are macerated, they could be softened by boiling in water”), scale: 10 mm; 3. Lampronia sp., wing venation and pattern, scale: 1 mm; 4. I. oehlmanniella, wing venation and pattern, scalebars: 1 mm.
The pinned specimen, which A. A. Lastukhin reported as L. aeneella, was found in the private collection of Vissarion P. Losmanov (Cheboksary, Russia), based on the label information published by
The female moth identified by A. A. Lastukhin as E. chrysolepidella clearly belongs to a heteroneuran family, as can be concluded from its wing shape and from the presence of the single R vein in the hind wings (Fig.
In the first edition of the Catalogue, E. chrysolepidella was reported from Karelia Republic in Russia (
The male specimen identified by A. A. Lastukhin as I. koerneriella clearly belongs to the genus Incurvaria Haworth, 1829. However, I. koerneriella has plain wings without a pattern, whereas the forewings of the specimen from the collection of A. A. Lastukhin have clearly visible light spots: one small spot at the costal margin, at about 0.8 of the wing length from its base, and two large triangular spots at the dorsal margin (Fig.
The situation with L. aeneella is more complicated, because, as noted by
The pinned specimen from Chuvashia, which
The proportion of erroneous faunistic records of moths and butterflies, which are scattered across many data sources, may be much larger than is commonly thought. For example, 37 of 733 records of moths and butterflies from the Murmansk Oblast of Russia, which were reported by different authors in the first edition of the Catalogue, were identified as erroneous (
The legacy effect of publications containing erroneous data is difficult to overcome. Entomologists are much more motivated to publish new records rather than revise old faunistic data. A search in the Web of Science (all databases) conducted on 16 March 2018 identified 864 publications whose titles mentioned new or first records of some Lepidoptera species or other taxa in some regions. By contrast, only three (!) publications had titles that mentioned corrections of errors in faunistic data published earlier. Nevertheless, some studies publishing new records also report previous misidentifications and correct other errors in the data (e.g.
Regrettably, the published corrections often fail to stop the spread of erroneous data. For example, we explicitly indicated long ago (
The long-term persistence of the problematic natural history data in entomological literature can be illustrated by the information on the presumed host plant of Eriocrania argyrolepidella Fuchs, 1904 (the junior subjective synonym of E. cicatricella (Zetterstedt, 1840)). Larvae of all Eriocraniidae species described by the end of the 19th century mined leaves of trees belonging to families Betulaceae and Fagaceae (
Clearly, large compiled works, such as checklists or identification keys, will never be completely error-free, so I mention some errors not to criticise the authors but to urge that lepidopterologists take the utmost care to ensure the high quality of the published faunistic and natural history information.
To date, I am not aware of any reliable records of E. chrysolepidella, I. koerneriella or L. aeneella from Russia, although the first two species occur in Scandinavia and/or in the Baltic countries (
I am grateful to A. A. Lastukhin and V. P. Losmanov for permission to study materials from their private collections, to L. Egorov for logistic support, to V. Zverev for preparation of illustrations, and to L. Egorov, P. Huemer, J. Kullberg, S. Yu. Sinev and E. J. van Nieukerken for commenting the earlier version of the manuscript. The publication was supported by the Societas Europea Lepidopterologica (SEL).