Latest Articles from Nota Lepidopterologica Latest 14 Articles from Nota Lepidopterologica https://nl.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 11:06:02 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://nl.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from Nota Lepidopterologica https://nl.pensoft.net/ The genus Zizyphia Chrétien, 1908, with notes on its systematic position and the first record of Z. cleodorella Chrétien, 1908 from Europe (Lepidoptera, Depressariidae, Cacochroinae) https://nl.pensoft.net/article/115542/ Nota Lepidopterologica 47: 19-28

DOI: 10.3897/nl.47.115542

Authors: Lauri Kaila, Ole Karsholt, Txema Revilla

Abstract: Zizyphia cleodorella Chrétien, 1908 is reported as new to Spain and Europe. The genus Zizyphia and the species Z. cleodorella is diagnosed and its separation from the closely related Z. zizyphella Amsel, 1935 is elaborated. The adult habitus and genital structure, and the species’ habitat are illustrated. The systematic position of the genus is discussed. Because Orophiinae Lvovsky, 1974 is a secondary homonym of Orophiini Thomson, 1863 (Coleoptera: Ciidae), and Cryptolechiinae is considered here as being unrelated to it, the name Cacochroini Leraut, 1993 is reinstated as a valid family-group name as Cacochroinae within Depressariidae (Gelechioidea), with Eutornini Lvovsky, 2019, syn. nov. as a subjective junior synonym of Cacochroini.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:12:18 +0200
Description of Eretmocera hafeetensis sp. nov. from UAE (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae) https://nl.pensoft.net/article/106936/ Nota Lepidopterologica 46: 135-144

DOI: 10.3897/nl.46.106936

Authors: Huw Roberts, Bengt Å. Bengtsson

Abstract: Eretmocera hafeetensis sp. nov., a moth in the family Scythrididae, is described and illustrated based on the examination of three male and 13 female specimens collected at the foot of Jebel Hafeet, an isolated 1,140 metres-high massif just south of Al Ain, after which the new species is named. The new species is distinct from congeners in details of its male and female genitalia and is also readily separated in the field from other Eretmocera species. The new addition brings the number of confirmed species in this genus represented in the UAE to three. The discovery of this species at Ain Al Waal, Jebel Hafeet highlights the conservation importance of this and similar nearby locations, which are beginning to reveal unique species among its already species-rich fauna at a time of huge human encroachment into the area.

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Research Article Fri, 11 Aug 2023 14:35:49 +0300
Wing morphology and eyespot pattern of Erebia medusa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) vary along an elevation gradient in the Carpathian Mountains https://nl.pensoft.net/article/68624/ Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 233-250

DOI: 10.3897/nl.45.68624

Authors: Barbora Mikitová, Martina Šemeláková, Ľubomir Panigaj

Abstract: Butterfly wings play a crucial role during flight, but also in thermoregulation, intraspecific signalling and interaction with predators, all of which vary across different habitat types and may be reflected in wing morphology or colour pattern. We focused on the morphological variability of Erebia medusa in order to examine patterns and variations in the colouration and morphology of wings from areas representing different habitat types with different environmental characteristics. The barrier (larger fragments of forest) between populations of Erebia medusa along the elevation gradient of Kojšovská hoľa might be the aspect that hinders the movement of the population. The wing characteristics (shape, size, spotting) of males representing populations of Carpathian mountain habitats (Volovské vrchy, Ondavská vrchovina) located at different elevations were measured. The forewing shape analysis, using geometric morphometry based on 16 landmarks, showed significant differences between populations from different elevation levels. The pattern of the forewings also varied between populations. Morphological changes among individuals of Erebia medusa populations along the elevation gradient in the Carpathian Mountains showed that in the cold, highland habitats we observed smaller, narrower and elongated forewings with a reduced number of spots, while males from warmer habitats at low elevations had rounder, larger and more spotted forewings. Introduction The ecological role of individual butterfly species is largely reflected in the wings, whose shape, size and colour pattern often have adaptive value and provide information about important differences, even at the population level (Altizer and Davis 2010; Mega 2014). The variability of butterfly wing shape or size, which reflects flight performance (Cespedes et al. 2015; Le Roy et al. 2019a, b), can even provide insight into the suitability of the habitat (Pellegroms et al. 2009; Chazot et al. 2016) and the dispersal rate (Wells et al. 2018; Taylor-Cox et al. 2020). The final wing shape and size of adults depends on conditions of larval development, which can be affected by aggregation behaviour (Allen 2010; Montejo‐Kovacevich et al. 2019; Palmer et al. 2019) but also by environmental conditions (Karl and Fischer 2008; Gibbs et al. 2011; Van Dyck et al. 2016; Palmer et al. 2019). Phenotypic clines along environmental gradients can sometimes be explained by ecological rules, whose use on insects can be debatable (Blanckenhorn and Demont 2004). Bergmann’s rule is the classic ecogeographic principle that relates the body size of endotherms with environmental temperature (or latitude) (Shelomi 2012). The converse of Bergmann’s rule (Park 1949; Mousseau 1997), based on the season length effect, predicts a decrease of body size with elevation. Various clines in body size can also be explained by a combination of several other theories or hypotheses, such as the north-south cline theory (Nylin and Svärd 1991) or the “temperature – size rule” (Angilletta and Dunham 2003). The wing eyespot pattern, which may serve different functions, can also play an irreplaceable role. While the pattern on the dorsal side is usually used for intraspecific communication (Oliver et al. 2009; Westerman et al. 2012; Tokita et al. 2013), the eyespots on the ventral side are rather used to deceive predators by intimidation or deflection by distracting predators from the vital, vulnerable body parts (Lyytinen et al. 2003; Stevens 2005; Stevens et al. 2007; Kodandaramaiah 2011; Prudic et al. 2015; Ho et al. 2016). Moreover, in several butterfly species, wing colour modifications are related to thermoregulation (Dennis and Shreeve 1989; Taylor-Cox et al. 2020). Previous studies (Nice et al. 2005; Jugovic et al. 2018) have demonstrated that populations separated by time, space or geographical barrier may undergo changes in the shape, size and colouration of external traits (Tatarinov and Kulakova 2013). Restrictions of the movement and migration of butterfly species have an impact on the intensity and direction of gene flow between populations (Andrews 2010; Slatkin and Excoffier 2012). Characterisation of the morphological traits of E. medusa, a species inhabiting a wide range of environments, can provide insight into the selection pressures that affect adaptive responses (Cespedes et al. 2015; Taylor-Cox et al. 2020). For the sedentary butterfly Erebia medusa, high intraspecific variability (numerous subspecies) and mosaic distribution throughout most of its Euro-Siberian region is characteristic (Warren 1936; Schmitt et al. 2000; Polic et al. 2014). Our study focused especially on the influence of elevation differences in the Carpathian region on intraspecific variation. For this species, large fragments of forests (Schmitt et al. 2000) may be a serious obstacle for movement. According to the study by Kleckova and Klecka (2016), E. medusa prefers a warm environment, so the adaptations to high elevation habitats needed for the activity of this species can be expected. Lower activity due to low temperature can cause a decrease of chances of escape; therefore, selection will act against some individuals (large sized or with large eyespots) (Dennis et al. 1986). A higher number of eyespots, which are important especially in escape mechanisms, may reflect increased rates of predation with rising temperature (Hillebrand et al. 2009; Vucic-Pestic et al. 2011) but also by sexual selection (Tokita et al. 2013). Based on morphological features (wing size, shape, colour pattern) examined by traditional and geometric morphometry, we focused on the morphological differences between populations from habitats differing in elevation and separated by forest areas. We predicted that the morphological diversity between E. medusa populations would show changes that correlate with the average annual temperature, which varies within the elevation gradient. Our study is based on the hypothesis that i) morphological traits of males (size, shape and pattern of forewings) vary in response to various environmental conditions within an elevation gradient. We also focused on examining whether ii) the forewing size of individuals from higher elevations is smaller than the forewing size of individuals from lower and warmer regions, which induce longer feeding periods during larval development (Juhász et al. 2016). Further, iii) males from higher elevation habitats with lower temperatures were expected to have aerodynamically (narrower, angular) shaped wings that reduce energy costs (Dudley 2002; Lentink et al. 2007; Kovac et al. 2012). Finally, iv) a reduction in the eyespot number with elevation, involving various selection pressures, was expected (Slabý 1950; Tatarinov and Kulakova 2013).

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Research Article Tue, 5 Jul 2022 15:56:21 +0300
The distribution pattern of mire specialist butterflies in raised bogs of the northern lowlands of Central Europe https://nl.pensoft.net/article/75182/ Nota Lepidopterologica 45: 41-52

DOI: 10.3897/nl.45.75182

Authors: Robert S. Sommer, Volker Thiele, Gennadi Sushko, Marcin Sielezniew, Detlef Kolligs, Dalius Dapkus

Abstract: Raised bogs are extreme and azonal ecosystems with a characteristic hydrological balance, microclimatic conditions and a specific flora and fauna. Recently, these ecosystems have increasingly become the focus of scientific and general attention because of their important ecosystem roles in the face of global warming and providing biodiversity refuges. From a biogeographical and evolutionary context, the peat bogs of the European Lowlands serve as palaeorefugia, acting as cold, edaphic island habitats for arcto-alpine or boreo-montane insect species in temperate biomes. Analysing 105 peat bog sites in the northern lowlands of Central Europe, we compare the diversity and geographic distribution pattern of a subset of six butterfly species, which appear to be tyrphobiontic or tyrphophile mire specialists. We demonstrate a decrease in mean species number in the European Lowlands on a gradient from the east (Northern Belarus, about 4 species) to the west (Northern Germany, about 1 species), and suggest that the decreasing species number may be mainly caused by human impact in the past. The individual distribution pattern shows a nearly complete gap in occurrence of the sensitive bog specialist species Colias palaeno and Boloria eunomia in Northern Germany and an increasing presence of those species in peat bogs of eastern Europe. Boloria aquilonaris shows a different pattern, which, in contrast to C. palaeno, is continuously distributed in all sampled regions and seems to be the more tolerant of tyrphobiontic butterflies in the face of human impact on peat bogs. In the light of other recent findings our results also suggest that Boloria aquilonaris and Plebejus optilete may serve as target species reflecting success in ecological restoration of peat bog ecosystems.

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Research Article Thu, 13 Jan 2022 17:44:17 +0200
The ant associates of Lycaenidae butterfly caterpillars – revisited https://nl.pensoft.net/article/68993/ Nota Lepidopterologica 44: 159-174

DOI: 10.3897/nl.44.68993

Authors: Konrad Fiedler

Abstract: Based on a global compilation of data on ant associates of 523 Lycaenidae species, a synthesis is attempted as to which ants participate in these interactions. Ants from 63 genera have thus far been observed as visitors of facultative myrmecophiles or as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles among the Lycaenidae. Over 98% of records come from nectarivorous and trophobiotic ants in just three subfamilies, viz. Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae, with the genera Crematogaster and Camponotus occupying the top ranks. Accumulation analysis suggests that rather few ant genera remain to be added to the list of associates. The representation of ant genera as attendants of lycaenid immatures is related to their global species richness, but with some notable exceptions. Ants that form ecologically dominant, large, long-lived colonies are over-represented as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles. The taxonomic diversity of lycaenid-ant associations is highest in the Oriental and Australian region, and lowest in the Neotropical and Afrotropical region. Among tropical African lycaenids, this is due to two butterfly lineages (genus Lepidochrysops and subfamily Aphnaeinae) that have massively radiated in the Neogene, but mostly maintaining their general affiliations with either Camponotus or Crematogaster ants, respectively. Many tropical and subtropical lycaenids nowadays form associations also with invasive alien tramp ants, giving rise to novel mutualistic interactions.

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Research Article Wed, 8 Sep 2021 12:11:59 +0300
Life history of the rare boreal tiger moth Arctia menetriesii (Eversmann, 1846) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in the Russian Far East https://nl.pensoft.net/article/62801/ Nota Lepidopterologica 44: 141-151

DOI: 10.3897/nl.44.62801

Authors: Evgeny S. Koshkin

Abstract: A thorough description and detailed photographs of all developmental stages of one of the rarest Palaearctic moths, Menetries’ tiger moth Arctia menetriesii (Eversmann, 1846) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), are presented. Eggs were obtained from a female collected in the Bureinsky Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. Data relating to specimens from this region significantly supplements previously published data, which was derived exclusively from more westerly parts of the species’ range. Larvae were reared mainly on dandelion (Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund) in laboratory conditions. Some larvae were fed on Aconitum consanguineum Vorosch. leaves and larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen.) needles during certain periods of their lives. It is hypothesized that toxic compounds found in these plants resulted in high mortality rates among larvae prior to pupation. Metamorphosis anomalies in the form of larva-pupa intermediates and various morphological defects of pupae are documented for A. menetriesii for the first time. The assumptions of some researchers about the important role of Larix and Aconitum in larval development are questioned.

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Research Article Fri, 14 May 2021 10:45:31 +0300
Long-distance dispersal of migrant butterflies to the Arctic Ocean islands, with a record of Nymphalis xanthomelas at the northern edge of Novaya Zemlya (76.95°N) https://nl.pensoft.net/article/62249/ Nota Lepidopterologica 44: 73-90

DOI: 10.3897/nl.44.62249

Authors: Ivan N. Bolotov, Ivan A. Mizin, Alisa A. Zheludkova, Olga V. Aksenova, Yulia S. Kolosova, Grigory S. Potapov, Vitaly M. Spitsyn, Mikhail Y. Gofarov

Abstract: Although migrant butterflies are rare (or sporadically seen) guests on the Arctic Ocean islands, there is a slowly growing dataset on repeated occurrences of these insects in insular tundra and polar deserts. Altogether six long-distance migrant butterfly species were found to cross wide marine barriers north of the Arctic Circle (66.56°N), i.e. Vanessa atalanta, V. cardui, Nymphalis antiopa, N. xanthomelas, Aporia crataegi, and Pieris napi. Migrant individuals of V. cardui discovered on Svalbard (up to 78.27°N in 1978) reflect the farthest dispersal event of butterflies to the Arctic ever reported. Our record of N. xanthomelas at the northern margin of Novaya Zemlya (76.95°N) represents the northernmost finding of this species globally, reflecting the world’s second farthest record of northern poleward immigration of butterflies. This occurrence coincides with an exceptionally warm summer season, when the third highest July and second highest August air temperature occurred (since global records began in 1880). Furthermore, the immigration into Novaya Zemlya coincides with a population explosion and massive expansion of N. xanthomelas in Siberia in 2019–2020. Our air current reconstructions indicate that this species most likely immigrated into Novaya Zemlya from mainland regions situated south-southeast (Polar Urals, Yugorsky Peninsula, and western Yamal) and east (Taymyr) of the archipelago. Overall, our findings reveal that long-distance dispersal events of butterflies to the Arctic islands are always linked to massive expansions of the corresponding species in mainland areas.

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Research Article Wed, 17 Mar 2021 13:28:16 +0200
Faunistic and taxonomic notes on Phalacropterix apiformis (Rossi, 1790) and P. restonicae (Fiumi & Govi, 2015) from Corsica, France (Lepidoptera, Psychidae, Oiketicinae) https://nl.pensoft.net/article/58027/ Nota Lepidopterologica 44: 57-67

DOI: 10.3897/nl.44.58027

Authors: Michael Weidlich, Wilfried R. Arnscheid

Abstract: Records of the psychid species Phalacropterix apiformis (Rossi, 1790) from Corsica, France are mapped. Information about biology and phenology is also given, as well as a description of the morphological characteristics of this species. We combine this with DNA barcoding results. P. apiformis is compared with P. restonicae, described in 2015 by Fiumi & Govi from Corsica. We conclude on the basis of this evidence that both taxa are conspecific: we propose Phalacropterix restonicae syn. nov.

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Research Article Fri, 12 Mar 2021 17:49:05 +0200
Nearctic walnut leafminers invade Europe: first Coptodisca lucifluella (Clemens, 1860) and now Coptodisca juglandiella (Chambers, 1874) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae) https://nl.pensoft.net/article/38686/ Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 77-93

DOI: 10.3897/nl.43.38686

Authors: Attila Takács, Csaba Szabóky, Balázs Tóth, Miklós Bozsó, János Kutas, Szilárd Molnár, Ignác Richter

Abstract: The Nearctic leafminer of black walnut Coptodisca juglandiella (Chambers, 1874) was found in Hungary and reported as new for Europe. Larvae were found in leafmines on black walnut (Juglans nigra (L.)), white walnut (J. cinerea (L.)) and Arizona walnut (J. major (Torr.)); the latter two Juglans species are new host plant records for C. juglandiella. Mines of Coptodisca lucifluella (Clemens, 1860), another Nearctic invader, were found on leaves of bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch) and Caucasian wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam). Spach.) (a new hostplant record), in addition to common walnut (Juglans regia L.). Interestingly, C. lucifluella is thought to have performed a host plant shift after its introduction into Europe, whereas C. juglandiella apparently did not. Coptodisca juglandiella has three generations in Hungary. The autumn generations of both species produced many more mines than the spring generations. One hymenopteran parasitoid specimen was reared from C. juglandiella. Larvae, mines and adults of C. juglandiella and C. juglandiella can be easily distinguished, differences are presented and illustrated. The genitalia of C. juglandiella are described for the first time.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Apr 2020 17:34:00 +0300
Permeability of habitat edges for Ringlet butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Erebia Dalman 1816) in an alpine landscape https://nl.pensoft.net/article/37762/ Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 29-41

DOI: 10.3897/nl.43.37762

Authors: Andrea Grill, Daniela Polic, Elia Guariento, Konrad Fiedler

Abstract: We tracked the movements of adult Ringlet butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Erebia Dalman, 1816) in high-elevation (> 1800 meters a.s.l.) grasslands in the Austrian Alps in order to test if an anthropogenic boundary (= an asphalt road) had a stronger effect on butterfly movement than natural habitat boundaries (trees, scree, or dwarf shrubs surrounding grassland sites). 373 individuals (136 females, 237 males) belonging to 11 Erebia species were observed in one flight season (July–August 2013) while approaching or crossing habitat edges. Erebia pandrose (Borkhausen, 1788) was the most abundant species with 239 observations. All species studied were reluctant to cross habitat boundaries, but permeability was further strongly affected by the border type. Additional variables influencing movement probability were species identity and the time of the day. In E. pandrose, for which we had sufficient observations to analyse this, individuals were more likely to cross a boundary in the morning and in the late afternoon than at midday. Erebia euryale (Esper, 1805) and E. nivalis Lorković & de Lesse, 1954 were more likely to leave a habitat patch than their studied congeners. The key result of our study is that the paved road had the lowest permeability among all edge types (0.1 likelihood of crossing when approaching the edge). A road cutting across a conservation area (viz. a national park) thus hinders inter-patch exchange among Ringlet butterflies in the alpine zone, even though theoretically they ought to be able to fly across.

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Research Article Fri, 14 Feb 2020 16:40:20 +0200
Book review: The Natural History of Burnet Moths, Part I https://nl.pensoft.net/article/20058/ Nota Lepidopterologica 40(2): 203-211

DOI: 10.3897/nl.40.20058

Authors: Gerhard M. Tarmann

Abstract: book review

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Book Review Fri, 3 Nov 2017 15:46:11 +0200
A new LED lamp for the collection of nocturnal Lepidoptera and a spectral comparison of light-trapping lamps https://nl.pensoft.net/article/11887/ Nota Lepidopterologica 40(1): 87-108

DOI: 10.3897/nl.40.11887

Authors: Gunnar Brehm

Abstract: Most nocturnal Lepidoptera can be attracted to artificial light sources, particularly to those that emit a high proportion of ultraviolet radiation. Here, I describe a newly developed LED lamp set for the use in the field that is lightweight, handy, robust, and energy efficient. The emitted electromagnetic spectrum corresponds to the peak sensitivity in most Lepidoptera eye receptors (ultraviolet, blue and green). Power LEDs with peaks at 368 nm (ultraviolet), 450 nm (blue), 530 nm (green), and 550 nm (cool white) are used. I compared the irradiance (Ee) of many commonly used light-trapping lamps at a distance of 50 cm. Between wavelengths of 300 and 1000 nm, irradiance from the new lamp was 1.43 W m-2. The new lamp proved to be the most energy efficient, and it emitted more radiation in the range between 300 and 400 nm than any other lamp tested. Cold cathodes are the second most energy-efficient lamps. Irradiation from fluorescent actinic tubes is higher than from fluorescent blacklight-blue tubes. High-wattage incandescent lamps and self-ballasted mercury vapour lamps have highest irradiance, but they mainly emit in the long wave spectrum. The use of gauze and sheets decreases the proportion of UV radiation and increases the share of blue light, probably due to optical brighteners. Compared with sunlight, UV irradiance is low at a distance of 50 cm from the lamp, but (safety) glasses as well as keeping sufficient distance from the lamp are recommended. In field tests, the new LED lamp attracted large numbers of Lepidoptera in both the Italian Alps and in the Peruvian Andes.

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Research Article Mon, 24 Apr 2017 22:03:33 +0300
Water ferns Azolla spp. (Azollaceae) as new host plants for the small China-mark moth, Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae) https://nl.pensoft.net/article/10062/ Nota Lepidopterologica 40(1): 1-13

DOI: 10.3897/nl.40.10062

Authors: Atousa Farahpour-Haghani, Mahdi Hassanpour, Faramarz Alinia, Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani, Jabraeil Razmjou, David Agassiz

Abstract: Water ferns (Azolla spp., Azollaceae) are reported for the first time as host plants for the larvae of the small China-mark moth Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Acentropinae) in rice fields and waterways of northern Iran. Cataclysta lemnata is a semi-aquatic species that has been recorded to feed on Lemnaceae and a few other aquatic plants. However, it has not been reported before on Azolla spp. Larvae use water fern as food source and shelter and, at high population density in the laboratory, they completely wiped water fern from the water surface. Feeding was confirmed after rearing more than eight continual generations of C. lemnata on water fern in the laboratory. Adults obtained this way are darker and have darker fuscous markings in both sexes compared with specimens previously reported and the pattern remains unchanged after several generations.

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Research Article Fri, 20 Jan 2017 14:36:13 +0200
Records of host ant use of Phengaris Doherty, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) in the Czech Republic https://nl.pensoft.net/article/8087/ Nota Lepidopterologica 39(2): 85-91

DOI: 10.3897/nl.39.8087

Authors: Pavel Pech, Ondřej Sedláček

Abstract: The specificity of the specialisation of Phengaris Doherty, 1891 caterpillars to their host ants is still not fully understood. In this report, we summarize all available records of Phengaris in ant nests from the Czech Republic. P. alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) was found exclusively in nests of Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander, 1846 at four sites, and one P. nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) caterpillar was found in a nest of M. scabrinodis. According to published records, P. nausithous may use M. scabrinodis at the edges of its range but should be adapted exclusively to M. rubra (Linnaeus, 1758) in the centre of its range. No records of P. arion (Linnaeus, 1758), P. teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) and P. alcon populations feeding on Gentiana cruciata (Gentianaceae) (“P. rebeli”) are available from the Czech Republic.

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Short Communication Mon, 13 Jun 2016 10:50:24 +0300